Philosophy: The Classics

Soren Kierkegaard - Either/Or

Soren Kierkegaard's Either/Or is an oblique but brilliant contribution to philosophy. In this...

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John Stuart Mill - Utilitarianism

Is it better to be a happy pig or a sad Socrates? John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism is the topic...

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John Stuart Mill On Liberty

Published in 1859, the same year as Darwin's Origin of Species, John Stuart Mill's On Liberty...

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Schopenhauer - The World as Will and Idea

What is the nature of reality? Why can music be so profound? Are we doomed to suffer or is...

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Kant - Groundwork of Metaphysic of Morals

Immanuel Kant's ethical stance is uncompromising: you must do your moral duty whatever the...

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Kant - Critique of Pure Reason

What is our relation to reality? Are some features of our experience conditions of our having any...

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Rousseau - Social Contract

How should society be organised? Can you force someone to be free? Jean-Jacques Rousseau's...

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Hume - Dialogues

Does the apparent design in the natural world point to the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient...

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Hume - Enquiry

How do we learn about the world? David Hume's answer, like Locke's, was via experience. In this...

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Locke - 2nd Treatise

What are the legitimate powers of the State? This is the fundamental question John Locke...

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Locke - Essay

Is a newborn's mind a blank slate? What makes you the same person that you were several years ago...

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Spinoza - Ethics

What kind of freedom can human beings achieve? Is the mind distinct from the body? Are we and...

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Hobbes - Leviathan

Why would anyone give up their freedom to become part of an organised state? In this reading from...

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Descartes - Meditations

Can I know anything for certain? Can I even be sure that I exist? Descartes pushed scepticism to...

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Machiavelli - The Prince

Is this just a handbook for psychopaths, or a satirical attack on his contemporaries, or did...

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Boethius - The Consolation of Philosophy

What consolation can Philosophy provide to a condemned man? Boethius wrote The Consolation of...

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Aristotle - Nicomachean Ethics

'How should we live?' This is a fundamental question for all of us. In his Nicomachean Ethics...

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Plato - The Republic

Plato's Republic is one of the great works in philosophy. Hear how Plato thought society should...

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